Bundled Payment “Creep”: Institutional Redesign for Primary Arthroplasty Positively Affects Revision Arthroplasty

Background

Revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is associated with increased readmissions, complications, and expense compared to primary TJA. Bundled payment methods have been used to improve value of care in primary TJA, but little is known of their impact in revision TJA patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a care redesign for a bundled payment model for primary TJA on quality metrics for revision patients, despite absence of a targeted intervention for revisions.

Mucus obstruction and inflammation in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: Emerging role of the IL‐1 signaling pathway

Mucus plugging constitutes a nutrient‐rich nidus for a bacterial infection that has long been recognized as a potent stimulus for neutrophilic airway inflammation driving progressive lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, mucus plugging and neutrophilic inflammation are already present in many infants and young children with CF even in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. A series of observational studies in young children with CF, as well as investigations in animal models with CF‐like lung disease support the concept that mucus plugging per se can trigger inflammation before the onset of airways infection. Here we review emerging evidence suggesting that activation of the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) signaling pathway by hypoxic epithelial cell necrosis, leading to the release of IL‐1α in mucus‐obstructed airways, may be an important mechanistic link between mucus plugging and sterile airway inflammation in early CF lung disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent data from preclinical studies demonstrating that treatment with the IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R) antagonist anakinra has anti‐inflammatory as well as mucus modulating effects in mice with CF‐like lung disease and primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia. Collectively, these studies support an important role of the IL‐1 signaling pathway in sterile neutrophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion and suggest inhibition of this pathway as a promising anti‐inflammatory strategy in patients with CF and potentially other muco‐obstructive lung diseases.     

尿石素A激活自噬改善糖尿病小鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗研究

目的研究尿石素A(UA)对2型糖尿病模型小鼠肝脏胰岛素信号通路的影响及与自噬的关系。方法将C57BL/6小鼠按体质量随机分成4组,即对照组、模型组、尿石素A(50 mg/kg)组、尿石素A(50 mg/kg)联合氯喹(50 mg/kg)组,高脂饲料喂养6周后,ip链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病模型。各组小鼠ig给药7周,检测小鼠体质量、饮水量、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平;计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI);HE染色观察小鼠肝组织病理变化;蛋白免疫印迹法检测小鼠肝组织磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)、葡萄糖转运蛋白2(Glut2)、磷酸化糖原合酶激酶-3β(p-GSK3β)及自噬相关蛋白微管相关蛋白质1轻链3Ⅱ/Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ)、选择性自噬接头蛋白(p62)表达水平。结果与模型组比较,UA能够显著改善糖尿病模型小鼠肝组织脂肪变和水肿;显著降低血浆三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、FBG、FINS水平,升高高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)水平(P0.01);显著降低HOMA-IR,升高ISI(P0.01);上调肝组织p-Akt、Glut2、p-GSK3β、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白表达,抑制p62蛋白表达(P0.01)。联合氯喹后,小鼠FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR增加,ISI降低(P0.05);肝组织水肿和脂肪病变明显加重;肝组织p-Akt、Glut2、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白表达水平降低,p62蛋白表达水平升高(P0.05),显示自噬抑制剂氯喹明显削弱了UA的作用。结论 UA可能是通过激活肝脏自噬改善糖尿病小鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗。     

LncRNA MEG3靶向miR-181a-5p调控宫颈癌细胞放射敏感性

目的 研究LncRNA MEG3对宫颈癌细胞放射敏感性的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 运用qRT-PCR法检测放射抗性和放射敏感性宫颈癌细胞中LncRNA MEG3的表达;将过表达对照组(转染pcDNA 3.1)、过表达LncRNA MEG3组(转染pcDNA 3.1-LncRNA MEG3)、抑制miR-NC组(转染anti-miR-NC)、抑制miR-181a-5p组(转染anti-miR-181a-5p)、过表达LncRNA MEG3+过表达miR-NC组(共转染pcDNA 3.1-LncRNA MEG3和anti-miR-NC)、过表达LncRNA MEG3+过表达miR-181a-5p组(共转染pcDNA 3.1-LncRNA MEG3和anti-miR-181a-5p),均用脂质体法转染至SiHa细胞;克隆形成实验检测细胞的存活分数;流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率;双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验检测细胞的荧光活性;Western blot检测细胞中PTEN、p-Akt、Akt的蛋白表达。结果 与放射敏感组相比,放射抗性宫颈癌组织中LncRNA MEG3的表达明显降低(P<0.05),其表达量与宫颈癌细胞的放射敏感性呈正相关;过表达LncRNA MEG3、抑制miR-181a-5p均可显著增强宫颈癌细胞SiHa放射敏感性,促进凋亡(P<0.05);野生型LncRNA MEG3细胞的荧光活性受miR-181a-5p的抑制。过表达miR-181a-5p逆转了LncRNA MEG3对宫颈癌细胞放射增敏和促凋亡作用及对PTEN/Akt信号通路的调控。结论 长链非编码RNA LncRNA MEG3可增强宫颈癌细胞放射敏感性,其机制可能与靶向miR-181a-5p调控PTEN/Akt 信号通路有关,可为提高宫颈癌的预后提供新方向。     

川续断提取物续断皂苷Ⅵ防治骨质疏松症的研究进展

随着我国老年人绝对数量的增长以及老龄化加速,骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)已然成为我国需要面对的公共健康问题。近年来对续断防治OP的基础及临床研究成为热点,研究发现川续断皂苷Ⅵ具有较好的防治OP的功效,可以通过多个细胞层面及生物学通路干预骨代谢,从而发挥治疗OP的作用。笔者从续断皂苷Ⅵ对BMSCs、成骨细胞、破骨细胞及相关生物学信号通路的影响来综述续断皂苷Ⅵ防治骨质疏松的研究概况,以期为续断皂苷Ⅵ的基础研究、临床应用及新药开发等提供参考。     

胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:探讨胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:收集中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤外科手术切除的胃癌组织标本87例及其配对非癌（距癌灶边缘>5 cm取材）胃黏膜组织80例，采用免疫组织化学方法检测WISP1和Ki67蛋白在胃癌组织及其配对正常胃黏膜组织中的表达。结果:胃癌组织中WISP1的阳性表达率为81.61%（71/87），显著高于非癌胃黏膜组织阳性表达率12.50%（10/80）。WISP1蛋白表达，在低分化腺癌中的阳性表达较中（P=0.000）、高（P=0.032)分化管状腺癌显著增高，弥漫型胃癌显著高于肠型胃癌（P=0.000），在肿瘤直径>5 cm的胃癌组织中显著高于肿瘤直径≤5 cm的胃癌组织（P=0.010），在伴有淋巴结转移的胃原发灶癌组织中较无淋巴结转移组增高（P=0.025）。Ki67蛋白表达与进展期胃癌患者肿瘤浸润深度（P=0.043）和淋巴结转移（P=0.027）相关。WISP1阳性表达与Ki67表达呈正相关（rk=0.240，P=0.026）。结论:WISP1在胃癌组织中表达显著上调，联合检测胃癌组织中WISP1和Ki67蛋白的表达，可更好的预测淋巴结转移情况，为胃癌患者预后评价提供参考。     

左金丸抗幽门螺杆菌感染的分子网络调控机制研究

目的基于网络药理学和生物信息学方法探究左金丸抗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的分子网络调控机制。方法通过中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)检索左金丸化学成分,筛选并预测其入血活性成分和作用靶点,检索疾病数据库中与Hp感染相关的作用靶点,构建左金丸成分靶点与疾病靶点的交互网络,获得左金丸抗Hp的特征性基因;通过DAVID6.8数据库对上述特征性基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路富集分析;利用Cytohubba筛选出左金丸抗Hp感染的关键靶点。结果通过TCMSP筛选、预测得到左金丸32个入血活性成分和197个作用靶点。GO分析共得到199条富集结果,其中生物过程包含炎症反应、RNA信号转录、信号传导等152条,细胞组分包含细胞核、细胞外基质、蛋白复合物等19条,分子功能包含细胞因子活性、DNA结合、ATP结合等28条。KEGG分析结果显示,Jak-STAT信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、细胞周期信号通路、Wnt信号通路等65条通路与左金丸抗Hp感染密切相关。经Cytohubba筛选得到CXCL8、IL10、IL4、VEGFA、MMP9等10个关键基因。结论左金丸抗Hp感染具有多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用的特点,可为其活性成分研究和抗Hp药效及机制研究提供依据。     

MOB1A regulates glucose deprivation-induced autophagy via IL6-STAT3 pathway in gallbladder carcinoma

MOB kinase activator 1A (MOB1A) plays an important role in many diseases and cancers. Here, we observed that MOB1A was substantially overexpressed in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) tissues compared with nontumor tissues. The high expression of MOB1A was closely associated with poor survival in patients with GBC at advanced TNM stages. Furthermore, our study indicated that MOB1A promoted autophagy by activating the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine under glucose deprivation conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggested that MOB1A is critical for the development of GBC via the MOB1A-IL6/STAT3-autophagy axis.     

Investigating the inotropic effect of pyruvic acid on the isolated rat heart and its underlying mechanism

Pyruvic acid is important organic chemical intermediates that plays a role in cardiomyocyte pathophysiology and therapy. This study sought to explore the inotropic effects of pyruvic acid on the function of the isolated rat hearts and investigate its underlying mechanism. Pyruvic acid produced a greater negative inotropic effect compared to HCl and sodium pyruvate in a concentration-dependent pattern in the hearts. The role of low dose of pyruvic acid on heart function was regulated by pyruvic acid molecules and high dose pyruvic acid may be influenced by pyruvic acid molecules and pH. K_v channels may be involved in the pyruvic acid-induced negative inotropic effect. Finally, pyruvic acid markedly increased the level of LDH and CK and reduced the level of Ca²⁺Mg²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺K⁺-ATPase. These results suggest that pyruvic acid may modulate cardiac function at physiological or low doses but can cause damage to cardiomyocytes at high doses.